Administrative Tribunal and its Characteristics

The Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976 made a provision for Article 323A and 323B authorizing the Parliament to constitute Administrative Tribunals for settlement of disputes and adjudicating matters.
Every tribunal comes into existence by the Act of Parliament/Legislations and not by the Government.
Under Article 136 of the Constitution of India, the Supreme Court is empowered to grant special leave to appeal from any judgment of tribunal.
Under Article 227 of the Constitution of India, the High Court is empowered to exercise the power of superintendence over all tribunals in the State
In the case of Bharat Bank Ltd. V/s. Employees [AIR 1950 SC 188], the Supreme Court specifically held that, although these tribunals share many of the trappings (or attributes) of a court of law and although they perform quasi-judicial functions, they are not full-fledged courts.
Some Examples of Authorities which are held to be Tribunals in India

Every tribunal comes into existence by the Act of Parliament.
Every tribunal is independent and is not subject to administrative interference.
Every tribunal discharge the quasi-judicial functions and such functions are different from the administrative or executive functions
Every decision given by the Tribunal is judicial decision rather than administrative decision
Every tribunal takes only practical and functional approach rather than theoretical and legalistic approach because the tribunal is not required to follow the strict rules of evidence and procedures
Every tribunal is conferred with the discretionary powers
The Writ of Certiorari and Prohibition are available as a judicial remedy or legal remedy against the Judgement or Decision of the Tribunal.

Law Notes